ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

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Part I Reinforcing Economic, Social and Cultural Rights1

1 The International Legal Protection of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights3

Ⅰ. Introduction3

Ⅱ. Human Rights Obligations under International Law6

A. Background6

B. Towards Some Definition9

C. Human Rights Obligations and Responsibilities17

D. Globalisation and ESC Rights18

E. Obligation of Conduct and Result in International Law22

Ⅲ. Tripartite Typology of Obligations23

A. Obligation to Respect23

B. Obligation to Protect24

C. Obligation to Fulfil25

D. Obligation to Recognise?26

Ⅳ. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights26

A. ICESCR桝doption and Ratification26

B. Overview of the ICESCR27

C. Treaty-Monitoring Body: CESCR and the Examination of State Reports28

D. A Complaints Procedure Under the ICESCR and the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR30

E. Substantive Rights38

F. Non-Derogability of ESC Rights39

G. Extra-Territorial Application42

V. Conclusion47

2 State Obligations under the ICESCR49

Ⅰ. Introduction49

Ⅱ. Article 2(1)50

A. Obligation to Take Steps...by All Appropriate Means'52

B. Obligation of Progressive Realisation58

C. Obligation to Utilise 'Maximum Available Resources'61

D. Minimum Core obligations65

E. Obligations Regarding International Assistance and Co-operation69

F. The Application of International Co-operation and Assistance77

Ⅲ. Articles 2(2) and 3: Obligation to 'guarantee' Non-Discrimination and Promote Equality84

A. Prohibition of Discrimination85

B. Equality between Men and Women88

C. Eradication of De Jure and De Facto Discrimination90

D. Temporary Special Measures93

E. Discrimination by Non-State Actors96

Ⅳ. Article 2(3): Non-Nationals in Developing Countries97

V. Articles 4 and 5: Limitations on ESC Rights and Safeguards Against Abuse100

VI. Conclusion102

3 Non-State Actors and the ICESCR105

Ⅰ. Introduction105

Ⅱ. Definition of Non-State Actor108

Ⅲ. State Obligation to Protect against Human Rights Violations by Non-State Actors109

A. State Obligation to Protect109

B. Protection against Discrimination115

C. Global Actors/Institutions117

D. Remedies against Violations by Non-State Actors119

Ⅳ. Direct Human Rights Responsibilities of Non-State Actors with Respect to ESC Rights121

A. Responsibilities of NSAs in International Human Rights Instruments122

B. The IMF, World Bank and Human Rights128

C. The WTO and Human Rights136

D. Corporations and Human Rights142

Ⅴ. Conclusion144

4 The Domestic Protection of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights149

Ⅰ. Introduction149

Ⅱ. The ICESCR on the National Plane151

Ⅲ. Examples of the Application of the ICESCR on the National Plane156

A. United Kingdom156

B. South Africa164

C. Uganda173

D. Italy181

E. India185

Ⅳ. Towards an Effective Domestic Application of the ICESCR:The Role of Independent National Human Rights Institutions190

Ⅴ. Conclusion201

5 State Reservations to the ICESCR203

Ⅰ. Introduction203

Ⅱ. Permissible Reservations to the ICESCR and the Effect of an Invalid Reservation208

A. Permissible Reservations Under the ICESCR:The 'Object And Purpose' Test208

B. Effect of an Invalid Reservation211

Ⅲ. Questionable Reservations Made to the ICESCR218

A. Kuwait's Reservations219

B. Pakistan Reservations226

C. Turkey Reservations232

Ⅳ. Reservation by other States: Examples from Africa and Europe236

A. Reservations by African States236

B. Reservations by European States238

Ⅴ. Conclusion241

6 Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights245

Ⅰ. Introduction245

Ⅱ. Background and Context247

Ⅲ. Human Rights of Women to Equality and Non-Discrimination:African Experiences249

A. The ACHPR and the Rights of Women in Africa250

B. Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa252

C. The State of Women's Rights in Africa in Practice257

Ⅳ. Prejudicial Cultural Practices and Customs as an Obstacle to the Realisation of Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Africa258

A. African Culture in General258

B. Right to Inheritance263

C. Right to Equality and Polygamous Marriages268

D. Right to Equality and Divorce275

Ⅴ. Conclusion: the Duty to Uproot Cultural Obstacles to Enhance Women's Enjoyment of ESC Rights277

Part II Substantive Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Selected Examples281

7 Right to Work and Rights in Work: Articles 6 and 7283

Ⅰ. Introduction284

Ⅱ. Non-Discrimination and Equal Protection of Employment285

A. Non-nationals288

B. Equal Remuneration of Men and Women294

Ⅲ. Freedom from Slavery, Forced and Compulsory Labour297

A. General Overview297

B. Protection against Exploitative Child Labour300

Ⅳ. Conclusion310

8 The Right to Health: Article 12313

Ⅰ. Introduction313

Ⅱ. The International Protection of the Right to Health316

Ⅲ. Scope and Content of the Right to Health324

A. The Right to Healthcare325

B. Underlying Determinants of Health327

Ⅳ. State Obligations Regarding the Right to Health331

A. Availability331

B. Accessibility331

C. Acceptability and Quality334

Ⅴ. Levels of Obligations335

A. Obligation to Respect the Right to Health336

B. Obligation to Protect the Right to Health339

C. Obligation to Fulfil the Right to Health340

Ⅵ. Minimum Core Obligations of the Right to Health341

Ⅶ. Justiciability of the Right to Health343

A. General Overview343

B. Progressive Realisation and Resource Availability348

C. Immediate Obligations348

D. Available, Accessible, Acceptable and of Good Quality349

E. Reproductive Rights and Freedom from Non-consensual Sterilisation351

Ⅷ. Conclusion353

9 The Right to Education: Articles 13 and 14355

Ⅰ. Introduction356

Ⅱ. International Protection of the Right to Education359

Ⅲ. Scope and Content of the Right to Education376

A. Scope and Content376

B. Levels of Education377

Ⅳ. Human Rights Obligations in the Context of Education386

A. Making Education Available, Accessible, Acceptable and Adaptable386

B. Levels of State Obligations: Respect, Protect and Fulfil388

Ⅴ. Conclusion398

10 Conclusion: Towards a World Court of Human Rights401

Appendices407

Appendix A: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights407

Appendix B: Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights415

Appendix C: States Parties to the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights422

Appendix D: A List of the General Comments of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights427

Appendix E: Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Maastricht, 2-6 June 1986430

Appendix F: Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Maastricht, 22-26 January 1997441

Appendix G: Montreal Principles on Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights448

Appendix H: Declarations and Reservations to the ICESCR and Objections462

Appendix I: Guidelines on Treaty-Specific Documents to be Submitted by States Parties under Articles 16 and 17 of The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights494

Appendix J: List of Least Developed Countries505

Selected Bibliography507

Index521